¿Porqué se funden los productos LED?
Es muy conocida la extensa vida útil que tienen las bombillas LED en comparación con las bombillas tradicionales. Si bien, las horas de vida que estipulan en las descripciones son de 15.000 a 50.000 horas, por lo general, se tratan de horas certificadas bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Por lo tanto, pueden darse circunstancias donde no se alcancen dichas horas.
Protege y alarga la vida de tus luminarias LED evitando futuros problemas o fundidos, instalando los equipos correctamente y en el lugar adecuado.
Las bombillas o productos LED también pueden llegar a fundirse. Una bombilla de mala calidad puede llegar estropearse pero no suele ser lo normal, los casos más comunes por los que se estropean o funden los LED suelen ser en la mayoría de los casos por motivos de malas instalaciones, o problemas en el suministro eléctrico.
Sin entrar en tecnicismos intentaremos ver qué sucede y cómo solucionar estos casos, así podremos disfrutar de la larga vida de los LED sin malgastar nuestro dinero.
Para lograr cumplir o aproximarnos a dichas horas debemos de tener en cuenta los siguientes puntos que os comentamos a continuación.
Factores que influyen mucho en la duración de un producto LED son la temperatura, intensidad, componentes y fabricación.
- Temperatura: Es uno factores más influyentes en la vida útil de los LED. Tanto la temperatura ambiental como la temperatura interna de los componentes es crucial en las horas de vida. Un incremento considerable de la temperatura en el interior de los componentes puede reducir a menos de la mitad la vida útil.
- Intensidad: El aumento de la intensidad que circule dentro de la electrónica de las Bombillas puede reducir considerablemente la vida útil de los mismos y producir algunos fallos como el parpadeo en los LED.
- Componentes Fabricación: La fabricación de los LED se basa en la utilización de semiconductores de alta pureza. Cómo es imposible obtener uno totalmente puro, siempre existe un mínimo porcentaje de impurezas que afectarán a la vida útil. En el 75% de los casos cuando un LED se “funde” el fallo proviene de la electrónica interna y más concretamente del driver. Esto se puede deber a temperaturas de trabajo más altas de lo recomendado que pueden hacer fallar soldaduras o condensadores, que provocan un fallo en cascada.
Aun así por todo lo comentado siempre es posible que una baja calidad de las luminarias influya en la duración de las mismas, pero vamos a detallar los casos más comunes de fallo:
FLUCTUACIONES
Las fluctuaciones de voltaje o subidas de tensión, habituales en muchos de los lugares donde se consume luz, destruyen en poco tiempo la electrónica de los productos LED.
EXCESIVA TEMPERATURA
Tener una lámpara LED “encerrada” en un plafón, globo,…, formato IP67-68, donde no sea posible la circulación de aire, provoca el acortamiento de la vida de la lámpara. Los LED son semiconductores y con temperaturas de trabajo por encima de 40/45 grados comienzan a degradarse.
SOBRETENSIÓN DE ENCENDIDO
En una misma línea no debemos instalar lámparas LED con otros modelos de lámparas de luz, ejemplo de poner en un punto de luz común, varias bombillas de bajo consumo con una de LED.
Las bombillas fluorescentes, tubos fluorescentes, downlights de bajo consumo necesitan rectancias electromágneticas para su encendido, estas provocan un pequeño “chispazo”, o sea una pequeña sobretensión para su encendido.
Esto lo podemos ver muy bien en los tubos fluorescentes que después de varios encendidos muy rápidos finalmente encienden al 100% para alumbrar adecuadamente.
Las bombillas de bajo consumo también se produce este efecto aunque menos visual que en los tubos.
Combinar estos modelos con esta tecnología puede ser una consecuencia de acortamiento de vida útil del LED.
CALIDAD DE LOS CABLES
La mala calidad de los cables, de las conexiones, de los aparatos que coinciden en la misma línea, y sobre todo, a la carencia de toma de tierra.
DERIVACIONES
Si las bombillas LED se quedan encendidas durante un poco tiempo… después de apagar el interruptor, casi seguro que las derivaciones de nuestra instalación nos estén jugando una mala pasada.
INTERRUPTORES OBSOLETOS O MAL ACONDICIONADOS
Si a todo lo anterior añadimos interruptores algo obsoletos, humedad cerca del foco lumínico, electrodomésticos que producen alguna descarga no controlada y pocas o ningunas tomas de tierra en la instalación harán que tengamos fluctuaciones de tensión acortando la vida del LED.
Conclusión
Por todo lo descrito a la hora de instalar nuestros productos LED deberíamos tener en cuenta las siguientes recomendaciones básicas en el momento de la instalación:
Intentar incluir en todas las líneas la “toma de tierra”, hay multitud de focos, lámparas, luminarias que no se conectan a este circuito y esto complica la vida del LED.
Instalar bombillas todas de LED o todas de bajo consumo, pero no debemos mezclar en la misma fuente de luz o línea ambas cosas.
Si una lámpara LED ha llegado a su máxima temperatura de funcionamiento tras unas horas de uso y no ha fallado en los primeros días, posiblemente no fallará en los años siguientes. Posiblemente, con la llegada del verano provoque una subida de temperatura en ciertos sitios de más de 30ºC, lo que también es posible que afecte al LED.
No instalar bombillas LED en plafones o downlights cerrados completamente, ya que a la lámpara le costará refrigerarse y perderá propiedades en pocos días.
Si se compran varias lámparas LED y fallan todas, “algo pasa” en tu instalación. Si fallan algunas vigila lo que puede ocurrir en un punto concreto y si nunca te ha fallado ninguna, o has tenido suerte, o todo se ha hecho perfectamente.
Por último deciros que no importa las marcas, ni los precios, si la instalación es mala, antigua, con derivaciones, cables antiguos, malas conexiones, etc… tendremos problemas con los LED y seguro que con el resto de dispositivos electrónicos de tu casa. Si todo está correcto, como debe de ser, tendremos LED para muchos años.
Esperamos que os haya servido de utilidad y ya tengáis más conocimientos para intentar que no se fundan los productos LED y así aprovechar los mismos durante muchos años; si además queréis ampliar información también podéis leer nuestro post calidad de las bombillas LED, si necesitáis asesoramiento contactad con nosotros para más información.
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