¿Qué es un LED y cómo funciona?
Las siglas “LED” provienen del acrónimo en inglés de “Light Emitting Diode” que traducido al español sería “Diodo Emisor de Luz”.
Están formados básicamente por un chip de material semiconductor, a diferencia de las luminarias tradicionales, poseen polaridad (siendo el ánodo el terminal positivo y el cátodo el terminal negativo).
Cuando estos son estimulados por un diferencial de voltaje en directo sobre sus terminales, las cargas eléctricas negativas (electrones) y las cargas eléctricas positivas (huecos) son atraídas a una zona de conjunción donde se combinan entre sí, dando como resultado la liberación de energía en forma de fotones, dando como resultado una generación de luz mucho más eficiente a las luminarias tradicionales ya que la conversión energética se lleva a cabo con menos pérdida en forma de calor y mayor energía liberada en forma de fotones.
Los LEDs son componentes que dependiendo de la combinación de los elementos químicos presentes en los materiales que los componen pueden producir un amplio rango de longitudes de onda dentro del espectro cromático, dando como resultado diferentes colores (rojos, amarillos, verdes, azules), hasta ultravioleta, por lo que son muy versátiles en cuanto a su uso en aplicaciones que requieren fuentes de iluminación con longitudes de onda que no se habían podido obtener previamente con fuentes de luz tradicionales.
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